![]() But when those agencies come together on a wilderness EMS mission, those titles may not be clear to individuals who do not normally deal with them. The rationale for this approach is that each agency’s personnel are used to referring to their leaders by the titles used in their own systems, and intuitively understand all of the responsibilities and authority that those titles convey in their jurisdictions. To bridge those differences and maximize clarity, ICS uses the title Incident Commander for the senior ranking official overseeing an incident. The senior ranking officer on duty with Agency B, the state land management agency with jurisdiction over the area in which the incident is occurring, might be referred to as the District Ranger. For example, the senior ranking officer on duty with Agency A, a rescue squad, might be referred to by that team as their Duty Officer. Wilderness responses almost always involve multiple agencies, and confusion abounds when personnel cling to their own vernacular. When responding to a wilderness EMS incident, it is best to use these terms and titles, rather than those unique to your agency. State and local responders too are generally obligated to use ICS, even if they are not under the direct control of the federal government, because doing so is often a condition for receiving federal funding. Which ICS functional area sets the incident objectives, strategies, and priorities, and has overall responsibility for the incident A. In the United States, it is a core component of the National Incident Management System ( NIMS), and its use is mandatory among federal agencies, including the land management agencies responsible for emergency responses in the vast tracts of federal wilderness throughout the country. ![]() In that sense, it is like a protocol for “treating” the “symptoms” of an emergency response operation. First developed in the western United States in the 1970s, ICS is a standardized but flexible methodology for managing incidents of any kind and size. Much in the same way that certain specific techniques of medicine have been formalized into standardized patient care protocols such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Advanced Cardiac Life Support, and others, specific techniques of incident command have been formalized and standardized into the Incident Command System ( ICS).
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